Modifying Alzheimer’s Disease Pathophysiology with Photobiomodulation: Model, Evidence, and Future with EEG-Guided Intervention

Abstract:

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a major public health problem all over the world. Therapeutic strategies have been explored for several decades, but no curative treatment has been developed (1). Although the FDA has recently approved lecanemab (Leqembi) and donanemab (Kisunla) for treating cognitive decline in early Alzheimer’s disease, their efficacy is modest, with potential side effects like amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA), and their long-term impact on disease progression remains uncertain, particularly in advanced stages (2, 3). However, these drugs represent a significant advancement by objectively reducing amyloid beta (Aβ) markers, which purportedly slow disease progression in patients with early-stage AD, marking an important first step toward more effective therapies.

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