Photobiomodulation and its potential in treating irritable bowel syndrome

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a highly prevalent and chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain, bloating, and altered bowel habits. The underlying pathophysiology of IBS is multifactorial, involving gut–brain axis dysregulation, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and imbalances in the gut microbiota. Current therapeutic approaches primarily aim to alleviate symptoms often yielding inconsistent outcomes, highlighting the need for better interventions. Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy, which involves the application of specific wavelengths of light to modulate cellular activity, has emerged as a promising non-invasive strategy for IBS. PBM primarily targets mitochondrial function, enhancing adenosine triphosphate production, reducing oxidative stress, and promoting cellular repair and resilience. These effects collectively contribute to reduced inflammation, improved gut barrier integrity, and modulation of the neural and immune pathways relevant to IBS.